Division 2 uses a third-party anti-cheat system, "Easy Anti-Cheat" by Kamu. These tools are usually designed to detect tampering with game files, intrusions into the game's process while it's running, scripted input patterns, and similar forms of cheating.
The cheats that currently run rampant in the game, are exploits of bugs. An anti-cheat tool cannot detect those, as it cannot know whether any particular part of the game works as the devs intended or not.
So while the game does currently have an embarrassing amount of bugs, there isn't really any connection between these exploits and the things an anti-cheat system is designed to do.
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