What you're wearing has no bearing on actual cammo value. Stance, cover and light are pretty much the main factors (ie lying prone in bushes at night = nearly invisible, standing up in the open at noon = all of Bolivia can see you).
As for the AI finding you after a loud or missed shot: A) don't fire when close to the enemy - even a suppressed shot makes noise, and they can hear it if they're close enough. B) Don't shoot enemies who are close to or in direct line-of-sight to other enemies - they'll see or hear the body drop and you're busted. C) If you get detected (enemy goes into 'Hunted" status), you must relocate a pretty good distance away for them to not find you, and make no other attacks while you relocate or they'll just move to your new position. The AI tracking system is not ideal and by no means realistic, but it's the one we've got and can be worked around once you get the hang of it.
In my opinion, once they start hunting you, unless there are overwhelming numbers, you're better off just engaging since they take so long to calm down after getting alerted - at least when they come at you they come straight at you, usually out of cover. I try to drop them all before they find me and before the psychic reinforcements magically spawn right on top of my position (the only way out of that is to never, ever attack from or near roads).
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